Psychology can be regarded as a science of mind and behavior. The main goal of Psychology is to understand and the humanity by discovering the general principles and also in exploring specific cases and it main aim is to benefit the society. There are different names given to different professionals in this field, psychologist can either be a social scientist, behavioral and cognitive scientist. The scientist tries to understand the role of mental functions and in an individual and also the social behaviors and will also explore the psychological and neurobiological processes that dictate some functions and behaviors.
Psychologists explore different concepts like the cognition, emotion, phenomenological motivation, personality and behaviors among others. The psychologists employ the empirical methods to solely refer to causal and the correlation relationships between the different psychological variables. On the other hand, there are other psychologists who don’t rely on empirical and deductive methods but rather rely on the symbolic interpretation and other forms of deductive methods. Those who mostly use these techniques include the clinical and the counseling psychologists. The psychology incorporates the natural and social science and humanities (Egon and Yvonna, 34).
The psychological knowledge is applied to assess and treat mental health problems and also is applied to understanding and solving the problems in different and various ways in human activities. Though most of the psychologists are involved in different kind of therapeutic role and on the other hand, most of the researches that are done on psychology relates to social and mental behaviors and processes.
Psychological Theories
There are many and different psychological theories which are closely linked to each other and are divided into three main categories, behaviorism, constructivism and cognitivism. There are different ways these theories are applicable to human life and the dictate how human life is carried and taken through. Theories are used to define some reasons on how people think and act or behave and respond to some matters.
Behaviorism Theory:
Behaviorism theory is the earliest psychological theory. The theory was dominant in the 1950s and 60s and has a high influence even today although there are other new theories that have gained grounds over it.
Behaviorism is also regarded as a learning theory or a learning perspective where all physical actions are regarded as behaviors. According to the theory, all things that are done by organisms including acting, thinking and feeling are regarded as behaviors. Behaviorism is a development theory and observes the behaviors that are done by learners to respond to stimuli. The response to stimuli can either be positive or negative to certain a given kind of behaviors. In the behaviorism, punishment is one of the actions taken to reduce or eliminate the wrong doing while on the other hand; reward can be used to reinforce a good action or something good that has been done. Effects of behaviorism have helped in shaping one’s life and also in developing the skills through the right way and understanding the desired way of doing things (Egon and Yvonna, 54).
According to the behavior theory, knowing is positive response that is given to a certain stimulus. According to the theory, the behaviorists are not concerned on how the knowledge was acquired but rather the right response was given. Behaviorism is precisely described a way of acquiring new behavior. In terms of concepts, the process is passive with regard to the behaviorist. The learner can rely on the materials to adapt on the situation and also influence some behaviors which on the other hand are adopted from the real contexts of the real world (Egon and Yvonna, 64).
The experiments by behaviorists identify the conditioning as a universal process of learning. There are two main types of conditioning and each yield different behavioral patterns.
Classic conditioning- This occurs when a natural reflux responds to stimulus. We are in one way or another wired in a way that some stimulus will respond in one way or another giving a specific reason. For example, when there is a forum and there needs a participation, some people may have fear to speak in public or may respond or behave in a specific manner that will show that they precisely have fear. In general, classic
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